摘要: A bilateral agreement made by two countries to resolve issues involving double taxation of passive and active income. Tax treaties generally determine the amount of tax that a country can apply to a t[阅读全文:]
摘要: The use by a company of the losses it sustained in previous years to offset taxes on the profits it achieves in future years. Individuals can also use a tax umbrella so that their investment losses in[阅读全文:]
摘要: 1. The difference between before-tax and after-tax wages. The tax wedge measures how much the government receives as a result of taxing the labor force.
2. A measure of the market inefficiency [阅读全文:]
摘要: Any type of investment, account or plan that is either exempt from taxation, tax-deferred or offers other types of tax benefits. Examples of Tax-Advantaged investments are municipal bonds, partnership[阅读全文:]
摘要: A security in which the income produced is free from federal, state and local taxes. Most tax-exempt securities come in the form of municipal bonds, which represent obligations of a state, territory o[阅读全文:]
摘要: An account that does not charge taxes on any contributions, interest earned, dividends or capital gains, and can be withdrawn tax free. Tax-free savings accounts were introduced in Canada in 2009 with[阅读全文:]
摘要: A legal method of minimizing or decreasing an investor's taxable income and, therefore, his or her tax liability. Tax shelters can range from investments or investment accounts that provide favorable[阅读全文:]
摘要: A reduction in taxable income for an individual or corporation achieved through claiming allowable deductions such as mortgage interest, medical expenses, charitable donations, amortization and deprec[阅读全文:]
摘要: Federal legislation that modified many significant aspects of the U.S. tax system.
The tax system in the United States is continuously being modified to address the concerns of Congress a[阅读全文:]
摘要: The return of excess amounts of income tax that a taxpayer has paid to the state or federal government throughout the past year. In certain cases, taxpayers may even receive a refund if they owed no t[阅读全文:]